What factors affect the process accuracy of fasteners cold-forged?

Influencing factors

1. Material Properties

The hardness, toughness, and ductility of raw materials directly affect the fasteners cold-forged accuracy. Harder materials are more difficult to plastically deform, leading to a decrease in processing accuracy. For example, pure metals have better plasticity than alloys.

Common materials

Material Category	Example Grades
Carbon Steel	Q235, 1035, 10B21, 1045
Alloy Steel	40Cr, 42CrMo, SCM435
Stainless Steel	201, 304, 316

2. Raw Material Metallographic Structure

The properties, shape, size, quantity, and distribution of multiphase structures affect the plasticity of materials to varying degrees. Defects such as grains, segregation, inclusions, bubbles, and porosity reduce the plasticity of metals.

3. Process Parameters

Parameters such as pressure, speed, and temperature in the fasteners cold-forged have a significant impact on processing accuracy. Different parameter selections lead to different deformations and dimensional deviations. For example, higher deformation temperatures result in stronger plasticity, and this increase in plasticity is not a simple linear rise. The setting of deformation mechanics conditions is also important. Compressive strain helps to maximize plasticity, while tensile strain is detrimental. Plastic processing methods with triaxial compressive principal stress diagrams and biaxial compressive and uniaxial tensile principal strain diagrams are more conducive to maximizing the properties of metals.